1. Surfactant rau kev siv dag siv roj ntau heev

Vim lub siab viscosity thiab tsis zoo fluidity ntawm hnyav roj, nws coj ntau yam kev nyuaj rau siv. Txhawm rau siv cov roj hnyav no, qee zaum yuav tsum tau hno cov kua dej ntawm cov dej ntaws mus rau hauv lub qhov dej kom hloov cov roj uas muaj roj ntau rau hauv cov roj uas tsis muaj viscosity roj-hauv-dej emulsion thiab tso nws mus rau qhov chaw. Cov kws tshaj lij siv nyob rau hauv no cov roj tuab emulsification thiab viscosity txo txoj kev suav nrog sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl cawv ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl cawv ether sulfate sodium ntsev, thiab lwm yam Cov kua muaj roj-hauv-dej emulsion. yuav tsum cais cov dej thiab siv qee qhov kev lag luam surfactants li demulsifiers rau lub cev qhuav dej. Cov demulsifiers no yog cov dej-hauv-roj emulsifiers. Feem ntau siv yog cationic surfactants los yog naphthenic acid, asphaltene acid thiab lawv cov polyvalent ntsev cov ntsev. Rau cov roj av hnyav tshwj xeeb, txoj kev siv twj tso kua mis tawm hauv txoj kev tuaj yeem siv tsis tau, thiab txoj kev txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev ua kom rov sov. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov thermal rov ua kom tiav, surfactants yuav tsum. Kev txhaj tshuaj ua npuas ncauj rau hauv chav txhaj tshuaj kom zoo, uas yog, txhaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov roj tsis ua rau cov roj yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv uas nquag siv.

Cov khoom siv ua npuas txig siv feem ntau yog alkylbenzene sulfonate, o-olefin sulfonate, roj av sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl cawv ether thiab sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, tshwj xeeb gemini surfactants, thiab lwm yam Vim tias fluorine-surfactants muaj siab ua haujlwm nto thiab tseem ruaj khov rau cov kua qaub, alkyl. , oxygen, tshav kub thiab roj, fluorine-muaj surfactants yog qhov zoo tagnrho-kub ua npuas dej ua npuas ncauj. Txhawm rau ua kom cov roj dispersed yooj yim kom dhau los ntawm pore caj pas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim, los yog ua kom cov roj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm kev tsim kom yooj yim yuav tsum tau tsav tawm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv surfactant hu ua nyias zaj duab xis tiv thaiv tus neeg sawv cev. Feem ntau siv yog gemini surfactants thiab alkylated phenolic resins.

2. Kev siv cov khoom siv ntawm cov roj waxy nrog cov surfactants yuav tsum tau tswj cov ciab nquag thiab tshem tawm cov ciab. Cov kws tshaj lij ua raws li ciab inhibitors thiab siv quav ciab. Cov roj-soluble surfactants thiab dej-soluble surfactants yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv ciab. Cov qub ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ciab los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov siv quav ciab siv lead ua saum npoo. Feem ntau siv roj-soluble surfactants yog roj av sulfonates thiab amine surfactants. Dej-soluble surfactants ua si siv quav ciab los tiv thaiv lub luag haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tawv nqaij tawv (xws li tubing, pas nqus dej thiab cov khoom siv sab nraud). Kev siv tau surfactants yog sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium ntsev, alkane polyoxyethylene ether, muaj ntxhiab polyoxyethylene ether thiab lawv cov ntsev sodium sulfonate. Cov kws tshaj lij rau cov ciab tshem tawm kuj tau muab faib ua ob sab, roj-soluble rau roj-siv quav ciab tshem tawm, dej-soluble sulfonate hom, quaternary ammonium ntsev hom, polyether yam, Tween hom, OP hom surfactant, Sulfate ester salted lossis sulfonated ca sib ntxiv yam thiab OP hom surfactants siv raws li dej-siv quav ciab removers. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tshem tawm ciab thiab kev tiv thaiv, nrog rau cov roj-siv quav ciab tshem tawm thiab dej-siv ciab tshem tawm, los tsim cov kev siv quav ciab. Cov ciab no tshem tawm tus neeg sawv cev siv cov roj uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons thiab cov roj uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons raws li cov roj theem, thiab ib qho emulsifier nrog cov ciab tshem tawm muaj nuj nqi raws li theem dej. Thaum xaiv emulsifier yog nonionic surfactant nrog huab huab tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem ua kom mus txog los yog dhau nws cov huab taw ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov qis ntawm ntu ntawm cov roj ua haujlwm zoo, yog li cov sib xyaw ua haujlwm ciab tshem tawm tuaj yeem ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv ntu waxing, lub emulsion tau tawg, thiab ob hom kev siv quav ciab tshem tawm cov neeg sawv cev tau sib cais, thiab lawv ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ciab tshem tawm tib lub sijhawm.

3. Surfactant siv los tswj cov av nplaum

Lub nplaum ruaj khov tiv thaiv cov av nplaum ua kom tsis txhob o thiab tiv thaiv cov av nplaum hauv av kom tsis txhob tawg. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv av nplaum los ntawm kev o, xws li amine ntsev hom, quaternary ammonium ntsev hom, pyridine ntsev hom, ntsev imidazoline thiab lwm yam cationic surfactants. Tsis-ionic-cationic surfactants muaj fluorine muaj los tiv thaiv lub tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov av nplaum av nplaum.

4. Cov neeg tshaj lij uas siv hauv kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm acid

Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov kua qaub ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv, ntau yam ntxiv yog feem ntau ntxiv rau cov kua qaub. Ib qho surfactant uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov kua qaub thiab yooj yim adsorbed los ntawm kev tsim muaj peev xwm siv tau ua cov kua qaub ua kom rov zoo li qub. Xws li fatty amine hydrochloride, ntsev quaternary ammonium ntsev, pyridine ntsev hauv cationic surfactants thiab polyoxyethylene sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate salted lossis sulfate salted hauv amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether thiab lwm yam. Qee cov surfactants, xws li dodecyl sulfonic acid thiab nws cov ntsev alkyl amine, tuaj yeem emulsify cov kua qaub hauv cov roj los tsim cov kua qaub-hauv-roj emulsion. Cov emulsion no yog siv los ua cov kua roj ua kua (acidification industrial kua) thiab kuj ua rau qeeb qeeb.

Qee cov surfactants tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv emulsifiers rau cov kua dej ua haujlwm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov ceg ua haujlwm xws li polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether thiab polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine tuaj yeem siv los ua acidification anti-emulsifiers. Qee qhov surfactants tuaj yeem siv ua depletion pabcuam, xws li amine ntsev hom, quaternary ammonium ntsev hom, pyridine ntsev hom, tsis-ionic, amphoteric thiab fluorinated surfactants.