1. Dej solubility

Vim tias muaj cov ntawv cog lus polar N → 0 hauv amine oxide molecule, thiab lub caij dipole yog 4.38D, qhov sib txuas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm siab polarity thiab siab melting taw tes. Nws yog yooj yim soluble hauv cov ncov qaumteb qabteb xws li dej thiab cawv qis dua, tab sis kog nyuaj rau cov kuab tshuaj tsis zoo xws li roj ntxhia thiab benzene.

Hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, amine oxide muaj ntau ntau hauv daim ntawv hydrate (R1R2R3NO · XH2O), tab sis nrog kev hloov pH tus nqi, qhov polarity yuav hloov. Piv txwv, hauv cov kua roj alkaline nrog pH> 7, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb anionic surfactant. Cov. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev daws cov kua qaub tom pH <3, amine oxides feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cations [R1R2R3NOH] +. Kev daws teeb meem ntawm amine oxide muaj cov khoom tsis muaj zog oxidizing, thiab nws yog siv hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ua kom tawv nqaij cov tawv nqaij dawb.

2. Cov haujlwm nto

(1) Qhov nro ntawm lub ntsej muag: Tom qab ntxiv amine oxide, qhov ua kom tsis muaj dej ntawm cov dej yuav raug txo kom tsawg. Piv txwv li, qhov nro ntawm cov dej ntshiab yog 72.80 × 10-3N / m. Qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration (cmc) ntawm ntau yam amine oxides yog li 30 × 10-3N / m. Ntawm cmc, qhov nro ntawm amine oxide yog qhov qis dua li ntawm quaternary ammonium ntsev, yog li qhov kev ua haujlwm saum npoo ntawm amine oxide zoo dua li ntawm quaternary ammonium ntsev.

(2) Kev tshem tawm tsis tu ncua: Thaum amine oxide sib xyaw nrog AES lossis AS, nws muaj qhov teebmeem tshwm sim ntawm kev tshem tawm, tab sis thaum sib xyaw nrog LAS, nws cov nyhuv synergistic tsis zoo. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev ntxuav pleev tawv nqaij siv 12% fatty acids (C12: C18 = 12: 1), 13% tsis-ionic surfactant, 12% LAS. Yog tias qee qhov ntxiv ntawm amine oxide ntxiv, cov nyhuv tu yuav zoo heev.

(3) Lub zog emulsifying: Emulsifying lub zog yog qhov taw qhia kom ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm emulsifiers. Piv txwv li, emulsify amine oxide aqueous tov thiab roj av cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv tib cov xwm txheej ntawm 70 ° C, thiab tom qab ntawd saib lub ntim hloov tom qab emulsification. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias hauv amine oxide homologs, lub peev xwm emulsification nce nrog qhov nce ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide cov pab pawg ntev-alkyl pawg. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm amine oxide ua emulsifier yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua emulsify nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau ntawm pH qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv acidic media, nws tuaj yeem sib haum nrog quaternary ammonium cations ua tshuaj thiab cov kab mob, tsis tsuas yog yuav tsis thaiv cov kev ua los tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm lub zog ua kom muaj peev xwm, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho nws qhov kev ua tiav los tiv thaiv kev xeb, uas dhau qhov kev ncav cuag ntawm lwm yam tsis-ionic surfactants.

(4) ua npuas dej thiab ua npuas ua kom lub cev ruaj khov: Amine oxide yog cov ua npuas dej zoo ua npuas dej khov, feem ntau yog siv cov kua ntxhua khaub ncaws lossis tshuaj ntxuav tais diav. Cov khoom uas muaj tshuaj ntau npaum li 1% mus rau 5% muaj cov kev ua kom tsis hnyav, tsis ua kom mob rau lub qhov muag, thiab tiv taus cov dej nyuaj. Nws muaj kev ua tau zoo, thiab ua npuas dej ntau dua nyob hauv cov dej nyuaj nrog pH = 9, 300mg / kg. Thaum cov rog cawv sodium sulfate (AS) tov nrog amine oxide, lub npaus puv thiab ruaj khov, txawm tias muaj roj, nws yuav tsis hloov. Yog li ntawd, nws tau siv rau kev koom ua ke nrog cov tshuaj anionic active piv txwv li LAS, AS, AES, SAS, thiab lwm yam, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv kev ua kom tsis haum. Cov npuas dej ua los ntawm amine oxide muaj kev xav zoo li khaus thiab yog siv dav hauv tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab cov khoom siv da dej.

(5) Thickening effect: Amine oxide has a good thickening effect. For example, the mass fraction of amine oxide mixed with AES (1:9) is 15% active substance solution (the following% are all mass fractions), in an acid medium , Even with little salt, the thickening effect is obvious, and it is mild and has good conditioning. Amine oxide 4.5%, AES 8.5%, NaCl 4%, pH=8, viscosity (20°C) up to 7Pa·s, cloud point <-5°C, but for the solubilization and thickening of shampoo, the carbon atom is preferably C14. The thickening effect of amine oxide can also be used in high alkaline bleach (9% C12, 0.5% NaOH, 4% Na2CO3, a small amount of amine oxide), 10% HCl solution added 1.5% dihydroxyethyl tallow base Amine oxide and 1.5% tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride can increase the consistency to 1Pa·S.

Thaum cov concentration ntawm amine oxide ntau dua ib qhov twg ntau, theem nruab nrab tuab heev yog tsim. Txawm hais tias qhov kub nce ntxiv, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau qhov isotropic mobile theem. Yog li no, thaum tsim cov tshuaj amine oxide, feem ntau tsuas yog txog 30% aqueous tov tuaj yeem tau, uas nyuaj rau cov khoom lag luam nrog cov muaj zog ntau dua, anionic surfactants yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom tau ntau dua ntawm ammonium oxide khoom.

（4） Sib txuam nrog anionic surfactants

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm amine oxide amphoteric surfactants yog qhov mob me. Anionic surfactants thiab amine oxides yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ntau kom txo tau qhov khaus ntawm anionic surfactants thiab tau txais cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb. Thaum cov concentration ntawm amine oxide qis dua cmc, sib xyaw nrog anionic surfactants los tsim anions thiab cations yuav nce pH ntawm dej nag, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tawm tsam nyiam ntawm amine oxide; ntawm cmc, ob daim ntawv sib xyaw micelles; siab Thaum cmc, qhov tsim anion thiab cation ntsev yog solubilized hauv kev sib xyaw micelles.

Thaum pH≥8, amine oxide qhia cov yam ntxwv tsis muaj ionic thiab tuaj yeem xyaw nrog anions; thaum pH≤8, kev sib raug zoo nrog anions yuav tsim qhov chaw tsis tuaj yeem, ua rau dej nag; thaum pH≤6, ob qhov ob yog muab tso ua ke hauv ib qho kev ntsuas tsim nyog. Tus amine oxide thiab anionic surfactant sib txuas los ua ib qho kev xaiv anion-cation los tsim cov tshuaj pob tshab. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov ntsev anion-cation yog solubilized nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj surfactant micelles. Yog tias dimethyl amine oxide siv los siv dimethyl amine oxide, kev sib raug zoo yuav zoo dua; yog tias nws hloov los ntawm amine oxide uas muaj polyoxyethylene ether feem, cov nyhuv yuav zoo tshaj.

(5) Muaj lub cev tsis haum

Amine oxide yog ib qho tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Cov tshuaj lag luam daws teeb meem muaj qhov tsis xis nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm luav, thiab lub qhov muag muaj kev txob txob me me. Ntawm 2% cov ntsiab lus, tsis muaj qhov ua pa hnyav; nws tau raug txau thiab hmoov av nrog alkyl dimethyl tau ob xyoos. Amine oxide, tsis muaj carcinogenesis los ntawm amine oxide tau pom. Qhov biodegradability ntawm amine oxide yog qhov zoo, 88% tuaj yeem degraded tom qab 2 lub lis piam thiab 93% hauv 4 lub lis piam. Amine oxide tsuas yog tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab muaj kev voos ntau rau cov tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag. Raws li daim ntawv qhia KLein: Qhov LD50 ntawm amine oxide yog 2000mg / kg ～ 6000mg / kg, uas yuav luag sib npaug rau LD50 ntawm cov lus ntsev ntawm 4000mg / kg. Thaum sib xyaw nrog lwm cov kab mob nquag, amine oxide muaj cov khoom ua los tiv thaiv lub cev thiab tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau los tiv thaiv zawv plaub hau kom txo qis kev khaus ntawm ZPT. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab cov kua qaub ua kua, amine oxide tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov pab pawg carboxyl ntawm cov plaub hau thiab tawv nqaij ces kaum. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov plaub hau, txo cov nplaim taws, yooj yim kom ntub cov zuag ntsis, thiab txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

(6) Antimicrobial

Alkyl amine oxide muaj qee yam kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis nws tsis ncav cov khoom muaj zog ntawm quaternary ammonium ntsev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv tshuaj formula muaj amine oxide muaj lawv tus kheej antiseptic, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm pwm thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm siab hauv cov kev daws teeb meem. Cov. Qee qhov sib xyaw amine oxides txawm qhia cov kab mob siab dua, thiab tau siv rau hauv cov xab npum ua cov kab mob bactericidal deodorants, thiab txawm tias muaj cov kab mob iodine raug tsim los txhim kho kev solubility thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm iodine, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj kab mob hauv lub cev. Ntawm lawv, cov nyhuv ntawm dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm Staphylococcus aureus yog sib npaug ntawm cov sib txuam cationic surfactant, thaum cov nyhuv sterilization ntawm lwm cov amine oxides kuj tsis zoo.

(7) Antistatic

Amine oxide muaj siab hygroscopicity thiab ionization nyiam, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab tsis tu ncua nyob rau saum npoo ntawm fiber ntau lossis cob, yog li nws muaj cov khoom zoo antistatic. Piv nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antistatic, nws cov yam ntxwv loj tshaj plaws yog qhov hloov nrog ib puag ncig cov av noo, Cov txiaj ntsig antistatic muaj qhov hloov me ntsis, thiab nws qhia tau tias qhov ua haujlwm zoo antistatic tseem qis dua cov av noo. Amine oxide kuj muaj qee qhov thermal stability thiab lubricity zoo, tuaj yeem siv tau nrog cov roj av ntau, emulsifiers thiab lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab siv tau yooj yim.

(8) Antioxidant

Amine oxide tsis tsuas yog muaj peev xwm nyob hauv kev daws teeb meem hypochlorite los ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj tseem pab lwm yam surfactants tswj hypochlorite, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv kom tsis muaj kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.