1.Overview

Amphoteric surfactants xa mus rau ob qho tib si cationic hydrophilic pawg thiab anionic hydrophobic pawg hauv cov qauv molecular, uas tuaj yeem raug ionized nyob rau hauv cov kua dej aqueous thiab nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm anionic surfactants nyob rau hauv qee yam mob nruab nrab, tab sis nyob hauv lwm qhov nruab nrab nws yog chav kawm ntawm surfactants ua kom pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua si surfactants.

Betaine-hom amphoteric surfactants xa mus rau chav kawm ntawm cov sib txuas uas nws cov qauv zoo sib xws ntawm cov khoom zoo ib yam li betaine. Lub npe tshuaj ntawm betaine yog trimethylammonium acetate. Nws yog cov khoom lag luam ntuj pom los ntawm Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) thiab cais los ntawm cov kua txiv beet. Scheibler muaj npe betaine beta-in tom qab nws lub npe Latin beta vulgaris.

Xyoo 1876, Bruhl saws lub sijhawm betaine thiab qhia tias cov khoom sib txuas nrog cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov khoom ntuj tsim muaj npe “betaines“, Uas yog betaine-amphoteric surfactants. Betaine hom amphoteric surfactants tuaj yeem faib ua hom carboxylic acid hom, sulfonic acid type, sulfate type, sulfite type, phosphate type, phosphite type, phosphonic acid type thiab phosphonite type raws li pawg kua qaub. Cov. Tam sim no, cov kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev ntawm betaine surfactants yog qhov nquag heev. Ntawm lawv, carboxylic acid hom, sulfonic acid hom thiab phosphate hom khoom tau tshaj tawm ntxiv.

Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw tswj hwm zoo ntawm betaine-hom amphoteric surfactants tau txais kev txhawb ntawm quaternary ammonium N atoms, thaum lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo raug txhawb los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub. Qhov sib txawv ntawm betaine-hom amphoteric surfactants thiab lwm yam amphoteric surfactants yog vim tias muaj cov quaternary ammonium nitrogen hauv lub molecule, nws yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm anionic surfactants nyob rau hauv kev daws teeb meem alkaline. Hauv cov pH sib txawv, hom-betaine amphoteric surfactants yuav tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zwitterionic lossis cationic surfactants. Yog li no, nyob hauv thaj chaw isoelectric, betaine amphoteric surfactants tsis zoo li txo qis hauv kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li lwm yam amphoteric surfactants nrog nitrogen tsis muaj zog.

Betaine hom amphoteric surfactants kuj tseem txawv ntawm cationic surfactants. Qee cov kws tshawb nrhiav (Beckett AH 1963) ntseeg hais tias nws yuav tsum tau muab cais ua "quaternary ammonium ntsev amphoteric surfactant"; Moore CD (1960) ntseeg hais tias nws yuav tsum tau muab cais ua "quaternary ammonium ntsev surfactant". Tsis zoo li cationic surfactants xws li "sab nrauv quaternary ammonium ntsev surfactants", betaine-hom amphoteric surfactants tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog anionic surfactants thiab yuav tsis tsim "hluav taws xob nruab nrab" sib txuas.

Betaine-amphoteric surfactants yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm amphoteric surfactants. Nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj nrog anionic, cationic thiab nonionic surfactants, muaj cov teebmeem synergistic zoo heev, thiab nws tsis mob me. Nws muaj cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo antistatic, cov kab mob bactericidal, cov khoom ua haujlwm anticorrosive, thiab yog yooj yim biodegradable. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj txhua hnub. Nrog kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tob tob, ntau yam betaine-hom surfactants yuav raug tsim thiab siv.

2. Tshawb nrhiav kev nce qib ntawm betaine-type amphoteric surfactants

Thaum ntxov li 1869, Liebreich O. siv trimethylamine los npaj xyoob; nyob rau xyoo 1937, thawj daim ntawv tshaj xov xwm ntawm amphoteric surfactants tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv, thiab xyoo 1940 DuPont qhia thawj cov thawj betaine series (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau lub tebchaws tau pib tshawb nrhiav thiab tsim cov amphoteric surfactants suav nrog betaine tebchaw. Nrog cov ua ntawv thov nce zuj zusbetaine surfactants, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb nyob hauv daim teb no kuj tseem ua kom nrawm dua. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, ntau yam khoom tshiab tau tsim.

Xu Jinyun li al. npaj octadecyl betaine nrog octadecyl tertiary amine, chloroacetic acid, thiab sodium hydroxide ua cov khoom nyoos, thiab kuaj nws qhov tsis zoo saum npoo av, antistatic thaj chaw, emulsifying zog thiab lwm yam ntawv thov. Tau muab piv rau lub hauv paus betaine. Zhang Li thiab lwm tus kuj tau ua qee qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib txuam ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm no surfactant, xws li muaj teeb meem saum npoo, microemulsion thiab cov qauv qauv.

Chen Zonggang thiab lwm tus tau cuam tshuam nrog stearic acid thiab triethanolamine los tsim triethanolamine stearate, thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom ua rau cov khoom lag luam tsuas yog ua rau tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd rov cuam tshuam nrog quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate los tsim triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Qhov surfactant no tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg muag ntawv luam ntawv thiab zas. Nws qhov muag muag tau ze rau amino silicone roj, nws whiteness thiab ntub dej zoo dua li ntawm cov roj amino silicone, thiab nws yog yooj yim biodegradable. Nws yog cov khoom lag luam ib puag ncig.

FangYiwen etal. synthesized lauroamidopropyl betaine nrog N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine thiab sodium chloroacetate ua cov khoom raw. Cov khoom muaj siab foaming, ua npuas dej ruaj khov thiab ua kom tuab. , Zoo sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom hauv tsuaj zawv plaub hau.

Chen Hongling li al. synthesized ob sulfoimidazolinebetaines siv sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate ua cov khoom siv hauv hydrophilic puag thiab alkyl imidazoline thiab kuaj lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj zog. Cov txheej txheem qauv mis yog raws li nram no.

Jiang Liubo tau txais N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine los ntawm kev tshem tawm sodium chloride los ntawm sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate thiab lauramide dimethylpropylamine los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txhua qhov cim ntsuas yog qhov ua tau raws li cov khoom lag luam txawv teb npe. Nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo me me, tsis tshua muaj voos, nplua nuj thiab nplua ua npuas, thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo hauv dej thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam.

Nonglanping siv dodecanol, epichlorohydrin, chloroethanol thiab dimethylamine ua cov khoom nyoos, thiab P2O5 li phosphorylation reagent, thiab lub npe hluavtaws yog 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine Cov.

 

Cen Bo li al. sib cais thiab lim huv dehydroabietylamine los ntawm disproportionated rosin amine, thiab tom qab ntawd ua ke N-dehydroabietyl-N txog N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine ua cov khoom nyoos. N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine thiab nws cov chloride yog ob hom tshiab ntawm betaine amphoteric surfactants.

 

Wang Jun li al. synthesized betaine hom amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine nrog epichlorohydrin, sodium bisulfite thiab tertiary dodecyl amine ua cov ntaub ntawv raw, Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam tau zoo.

 

Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. tau npaj ob yam tshiab betaine-hom amphoteric surfactants muaj polyoxyethylene saw qauv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine nrog chloroacetic acid lossis chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Kev tshawb nrhiav kev lag luam kev lag luam.

 

Lub teb chaws txawv teb chaws tseem nyob rau theem kev ua thawj coj ntawm betaine surfactants, thiab lawv txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho kev tsim nyog tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas thiab kev kawm tshawb xyuas. Piv txwv li, Chew, CH, lwm yam zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv betaine-hom surfactant polymer AUDMAA nrog acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol thiab aminoacetic acid. Nws qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration ntawm 24 ℃ yog 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Lub zog polymerization ua kom muaj zog yog 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi li al. synthesized ob qho tshiab betaine-hom surfactants N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine thiab N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- nrog tarot roj fatty acid ua raw khoom. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, muaj ntau qhov kev zoo siab tau tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm betaine surfactantsCov. Piv txwv li: YousukeOne, thiab lwm yam (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine raug qhia, kev coj cwj pwm dielectric ntawm kev daws teeb meem micellar ntawm betaine surfactant tau kawm. Nws tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau lub siab ntawm micelles, thiab lub zog so ntawm amphoteric surfactant tov hloov raws feem ntau rau cov concentration, uas zoo ib yam li aminoglycolato betaine uas muaj cov qauv betaine tshuaj tab sis tsis yog surfactant. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias micelle nto ntawm amphoteric surfactant tseem muaj tib lub dipole tam sim ntawv tib yam li cov kua glycine betaine.