Raws li kev faib hom ntawm cov khoom siv roj, cov roj av surfactants tuaj yeem muab faib los ntawm cov ntawv thov nkag rau surfactants rau kev khawb, surfactants rau kev tsuas, surfactants rau kev txhim kho cov paib, surfactants rau roj thiab roj sib sau ua ke, thiab surfactants rau kev kho dej, thiab lwm yam.

 

Surfactant rau kev drilling

Tus nqi ntawm surfactants rau drilling (suav nrog cov neeg ua kua dej kev kho thiab cov roj zoo ua kom cov nplaum muaj peev xwm) yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, suav txog kwv yees li 60% ntawm tag nrho cov surfactants siv hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm. Tus nqi ntawm surfactants rau roj rov qab kuj tseem me me, tab sis nws cov ntsiab lus technical yog siab dua. Nws cov nyiaj tau teev tseg li 1/3 ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj surfactants siv hauv thaj chaw roj. Ob yam tshuaj no nyob hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv surfactants hauv thaj chaw roj.

 

Tam sim no, cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm neeg ntiaj teb tus neeg sawv cev ua kua dej tau tsim cov xwm txheej ntawm "peb tug ncej" hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Russia thiab Suav. Tebchaws Asmeskas tabtom noj ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab polymer ua cov khoom siv tshawb xyuas. Lavxias yog qhov tseem ceeb raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tias "cov ntaub ntawv nyoos yog pheej yig thiab yooj yim kom tau", thiab ntau cov khoom pov tseg ntawm kev lag luam. Kev tshawb nrhiav hauv Suav tsom rau kev siv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyoos ib txwm thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov hluavtaws tshiab (nrog rau cov monomers).

Kev tshawb nrhiav kev pom zoo ntawm txawv teb chaws drilling dej kev kho mob cov neeg sawv cev yog qhov muaj koob npe ntau dua, uas yog, ntau yam khoom raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymers muaj cov sulfonic acid pawg, uas tseem yog lub neej tom ntej kev tsim kho.

 

Txij li xyoo 1990, lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm polymer 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) ntau cov khoom siv tshuaj copolymer tau dhau los ua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv dej tshiab kho cov kua dej. Kev txhim kho ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm tawg tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm viscosity reducers, cov dej ntws ua kua txo thiab cov roj av tawm. Tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, polymeric cawv surfactants nrog huab taw qhia cov nyhuv tau nrov npe thiab siv rau hauv txhua qhov kev lag luam roj hauv teb thiab cov kab mob polymeric haus cawv dej muaj zog.

Ntxiv rau, methyl gluconate thiab glycerin-based drilling kua tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv daim teb thov, qhia txog kev thov zoo thiab txhawb kev txhim kho surfactants rau drilling kua. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj tus neeg saib xyuas kev nqus dej tau loj hlob mus txog 18 pawg, ntau txhiab ntau yam, nrog kev noj txhua xyoo ntawm ze txog 300,000 tons.

 

Thaum xyoo 1980, cov roj zoo cement admixtures tsim sai heev nyob rau xyoo 1980, thiab cov khoom lag luam tau maj mam tsim. Hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom tshiab, cov ntaub ntawv hluavtaws polymer feem ntau yog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tau nyiam; nyob rau xyoo 1993, txhua qhov roj zoo hauv Suav teb tau hloov pauv mus ua cov qauv uas tau ntsib cov qauv API. Cov khoom lag luam thiab cov admixtures tau tsim kho sai heev. Lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav cov roj tshwj xeeb zoo cement dispersant SAF (sulfonated acetone formaldehyde polycondensate), uas yog ze rau kev ua kom zoo thiab ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv txheej txheej tiv thaiv zoo. Kev sib xyaw ua ke, lub zog rov qab thiab cov nplaim nplaum ua kom muaj zog kuj tau qhia txog kev loj hlob zoo, thiab tsim cov roj tshwj xeeb zoo rau cov pob zeb ua kom zoo. Tam sim no, nws tau tsim rau ntau tshaj 200 ntau yam ntawm 11 pawg, nrog rau kev noj txhua xyoo ntawm ob peb txhiab tons.

 

Surfactant rau cov roj rov qab

Muaj ntau ntau tsawg tsawg thiab ntau cov surfactants rau roj rov qab piv nrog surfactants rau drilling, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua rau acidification thiab fracturing cov khoom lag luam. Ntawm cov surfactants rau fracturing, gelling tus neeg sawv cev tau tshawb fawb hloov kho cov pos hniav zaub thiab cellulose, nrog rau ntau yam hluavtaws polymers xws li polyacrylamide.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws tau tsim kho maj mam nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm acidified surfactants. Kev tsom ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho yog kev txhim kho ntawm kev txhim kho kev txhim kho corrosion rau kev ua kom acidification. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tshiab uas twb muaj lawm los hloov kho lossis cov khoom sib txuas ua ke corrosion. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos thiab cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis muaj kuab lom, thiab cov khoom muaj cov roj / dej solubility lossis dej ua kom tawg.

Amines, quaternary ammonium thiab cov dej cawv acetylenic muaj coob heev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab aldehyde corrosion inhibitors kuj tsis tshua tau tsim vim lawv cov tshuaj lom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ua kom tsis haum yog cov ntau ntawm dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid thiab cov tsis muaj molecular amines (ethylamine, propylamine, C8-18 thawj amine, oleic acid diethanolamide), thiab emulsifiers yog cov roj-hauv-roj emulsifiers.

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov saum npoo cov koom ua haujlwm rau fracturing acidified kua hauv Suav teb tsis txaus, thiab kev txhim kho me me tau dhau los. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txhim kho corrosion inhibits rau fracturing acidification kua thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho, muaj ntau lwm yam, uas feem ntau yog amines (thawj amines, theem nrab amines, tertiary amines, quaternary amide lossis lawv cov khoom sib txuas), imidazoline thiab nws cov derivatives tseem yog chav kawm ntawm cov organic corrosion inhibitors uas tau siv ntau dua.

 

Surfactants rau roj thiab roj sib sau ua ke

Cov kev tshawb nrhiav, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv surfactants rau roj thiab roj sib sau ua ke thiab kev thauj mus los hauv Suav teb tau pib xyoo 1960, thiab tam sim no muaj 14 yam thiab ntau pua cov khoom lag luam. Ntawm lawv, cov roj crude demulsifier yog qhov loj tshaj plaws, thiab kev xav tau txhua xyoo yog kwv yees li 20,000 tons. Tuam Tshoj tau tsim cov khoom tsim nyog demulsifier rau cov roj sib txawv, ntau hom tau mus txog qib thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 1990; thaum muab cov ntsiab lus depressants, ntws tsis sib haum, viscosity reducers thiab cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ob peb, thiab lawv feem ntau yog rau cov khoom ua cov khoom siv sib txawv, cov roj av sib txawv muaj cov kev xav tau sib txawv thiab cov teeb meem rau kev tsim cov khoom tshiab vim cov sib txawv ntawm surfactants siv rau kev nyuaj siab , ntws kev txhim kho, viscosity txo thiab siv quav ciab tshem tawm cov hom phiaj.

 

Surfactant rau cov roj hauv kev kho dej 

Cov. Oilfield dej kho tus neeg saib xyuas yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj oilfield hauv kev txhim kho roj. Kev noj tshuaj txhua xyoo ntawm ntau yam kev kho dej yog saum 60,000 tons, ntawm uas surfactant tso nyiaj tau txog 40%, txawm hais tias surfactants nyob rau hauv oilfield kev kho dej hauv qhov kev thov yog qhov loj heev, tab sis muaj ob peb kev tshawb fawb ntawm surfactants rau kev kho dej hauv Suav. Cov ntau yam ntawm surfactants rau oilfield kev kho dej tsis tiav, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam tau los ntawm kev lag luam dej kho kev lag luam, tab sis vim yog cov dej ua kua dej. Qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm cov khoom siv qhia tawm ncaj qha los ntawm kev tsim kho dej muaj qhov tsis zoo, qee zaum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab tsis muaj lub hom phiaj rau kev siv tshuaj kho dej. Kev tshawb nrhiav txawv teb chaws ntawm surfactants rau kev kho dej yog nquag tshaj plaws hauv kev txhim kho flocculants, thiab muaj ntau cov khoom tsim, tab sis tsis muaj ntau cov dej phwj siv rau cov chaw ua roj thiab roj.

 

Surfactant rau cov roj tertiary rov qab

Cov khoom lag luam zoo ntawm surfactant rau cov roj tertiary rov qab los nyob hauv cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws ruaj khov thiab cov nplai ntau lawm. Tam sim no, qee yam surfactants thiab polymers rau kev hloov chaw roj tau tsim nyob hauv Suav teb, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm tertiary roj rov qab. Kev tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm hnyav alkylbenzenes rau surfactants siv hauv cov roj hluavtaws ua rau cov neeg sawv cev yog tsawg dua 20,000 tons, uas nyuaj rau qhov ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau, thiab cov molecular phaus thiab molecular hnyav faib tsis haum rau cov surfactants siv hauv cov roj hluavtaws ua rau cov neeg sawv cev.

Txawm hais tias tau ua haujlwm ntau dhau los ntawm surfactant, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm oilfield dej nyab, thiab muaj teeb meem hauv cov teev ntau lawm thiab cov khoom lag luam zoo. Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe, Dagang thiab lwm cov chaw ua liaj ua teb tau siv cov dej nyab polymer, Daqing Oilfield tau tsim cov nroj tsuag polyacrylamide nrog cov zis txhua xyoo ntawm 57,000 tons, thiab Shengli Oilfield tau tsim cov polyacrylamide cog nrog cov txiaj ntsig txhua xyoo ntau tshaj 20,000 tons.

Qee lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom lag luam tsim muaj peev txheej ntau tshaj 100,000 t / xyoo. Kev thov kev lag luam niaj hnub no rau polymer rau kev hloov chaw roj yog kaum tawm txhiab tus tons. Cov nplai tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau, tab sis cov khoom lag luam zoo (xws li txheeb ze molecular loj) Tseem tshuav qhov sib txawv ntawm nws thiab solubility, kub tsis kam thiab ntsev tsis khov. Ntawm cov saum npoo nquag cov neeg sawv cev hauv cov roj av, tertiary roj rov qab surfactants yog cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws.