Nrog kev txuas ntxiv zuj zus ntxiv ntawm kev txhim kho thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm surfactants, nws daim ntawv thov ntau tseem nthuav dav. Tam sim no, surfactants tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, thiab lawv tseem muaj ntau daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce, xws li emulsifying, dispersing, solubilizing, ua npuas ncauj thiab tu hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.

1) Emulsification

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm uniformly emulsifying tsis-dej-soluble tshuaj nyob rau hauv dej los tsim emulsion yog hu ua emulsification. Emulsifiers yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev thiab muab tshuaj pleev rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Cov khaub noom zoo li niaj hnub thiab cov tshuaj qab zib tsis zoo yog ob qho 0 / W hom emulsions, uas tuaj yeem tawm nrog anionic emulsifier fatty acid xab npum (xab npum). Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los npaj emulsions nrog tsawg dua roj los ntawm xab npum emulsification, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm xab npum tuaj yeem ua rau nws muaj kev viscosity ntau dua. Rau cov tshuaj nplaum txias uas muaj cov roj ntau ntau, cov emulsions feem ntau yog w / O hom, thiab lanolin ntuj nrog loj nqus dej thiab muaj viscosity siab tuaj yeem siv rau emulsification. Tam sim no, qhov feem ntau siv cov tsis-ionic emulsifier yog tias cov tsis-ionic emulsifier muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj qhov voos qis. Lub npe nrov sorbitan fatty acid ester (Span) thiab nws cov ethylene oxide adduct (Tween) yog cov ua tau zoo tsis-ionic emulsifiers. Span yog lipophilic thiab Tween yog hydrophilic, thiab ob qho yog qhov sib xyaw. Siv hauv O / W emulsions, nws tuaj yeem tsim emulsions nrog kev ua kom zoo thiab ua kom tawv nqaij zoo.

2) Kev daws teeb meem

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nce zuj zus solubility ntawm me ntsis soluble lossis insoluble tshuaj hu ua solubilization. Thaum cov surfactant tau ntxiv rau hauv dej, qhov npoo ntawm cov dej yuav poob qis thaum xub thawj, thiab tom qab ntawd ces lub micelles ntawm surfactant lwg me me tau tsim. Kev siv zog ntawm surfactant siv los tsim micelles yog hu ua qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration. Thaum lub siab ntawm surfactant mus txog qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration, micelle tuaj yeem nqus cov roj lossis cov khoom sib cais ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm lipophilic puag, yog li nce solubility ntawm qhov teeb meem me ntsis lossis insoluble.

Solubilizers hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tsuas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim tshuaj pleev, plaub hau tonic, thiab tonic plaub hau. Cov kws tshaj lij uas siv los ua cov solubilizers yuav tsum muaj lub siab hydrophilicity, HLB> 15, xws li polyoxyethylene hardened castor roj, polyoxyethylene castor roj, rog cawv polyoxyethylene ether, rog cawv polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, thiab polyglycerin fatty acid ester, thiab lwm yam.

Oily cov khoom xyaw hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, xws li cov tshuaj tsw qab, roj, thiab cov roj-soluble vitamins, muaj cov roj solubilization sib txawv vim cov kev sib txawv hauv cov qauv thiab polarity. Yog li no, tsim nyog surfactants yuav tsum tau xaiv los ua solubilizers. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv solubilization ntawm cov pleev yog cov naj hoom, roj thiab tshuaj lag luam, thiab lwm yam, yog li alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers tuaj yeem siv rau solubilization. Txawm hais tias alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (OP hom, TX hom) muaj cov muaj zog solubilizing muaj peev xwm, lawv ua siab rau lub qhov muag thiab feem ntau tsis siv. Tsis tas li, cov roj castor-amphoteric derivatives muaj solubility zoo nyob rau hauv cov roj tsw qab thiab roj zaub, thiab cov surfactants no tsis ua rau lub ntsej muag thiab tsim nyog rau qhov npaj tsis muaj tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab lwm yam tshuaj pleev ib ce.

3) Kev tawg

Qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas dej-insoluble tshuaj daim ntawv hais nyob rau hauv ib tug uniformly dispersed lub xeev nyob rau hauv dej yog hu ua dispersion. Cov kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce suav nrog peb ntu: hmoov, hnyav thiab xa khoom. Cov hmoov tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: cov xim inorganic (xws li talc, mica, titanium dioxide, carbon xim dub, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov xim organic (xws li phthalocyanine xiav, thiab lwm yam), feem ntau ua cov tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj lub suab zoo xim, tuaj yeem npog cov xim tom qab, thiab muaj kev siv tau zoo Cov kuab tshuaj tau muab faib ua ob hom: dej-raws thiab tsis-aqueous. Cov khoom siv tawg tau siv ua xov xwm yog hydrophilic (siv rau hauv cov dej) thiab lipophilic (siv rau cov tshuab tsis siv dej). Yog li ntawd, lub kaw lus muaj kev sib txuam ntau yam.

Ntau yam surfactants siv nyob rau hauv dispersants yog ob qho tib si emulsifiers thiab dispersants, xws li cov rog cawv polyoxyethylene ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, rog cawv polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates thiab alkyl ethers. Sulfonates, thiab lwm yam, lawv txhua tus muaj cov khoom tawg zoo. Txhawm rau kom cov hmoov ua kom tiav cov dej hauv cov kua, cov kua yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ntub lub ntsej muag ntawm hmoov. Yog li no, thaum xaiv surfactant, thawj zaug xav txog HLB ntawm cov hmoov nto thiab qhov nruab nrab kev sib kis. Feem ntau, thaum siv cov kua roj lipophilic hauv cov dej-siv, cov hydrophilic surfactants yuav tsum siv tshwj xeeb.

4) Tu nyhuv

Tus kheej cov khoom siv rau kev ntxuav tu feem ntau muaj tshuaj zawv plaub hau, dej da dej pleev thiab ntxuav tawm lub ntsej muag. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom huv, ua npuas ncauj thiab ua kom dej noo, qhov kev xav tseem ceeb tam sim no yog kev ua kom tawv nqaij tawv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua rau surfactant tsis ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov tawv nqaij epidermal, tsis cuam tshuam rau cov cev nqaij daim tawv, thiab tsis nkag rau hauv daim tawv nqaij. Txhawm rau kom cov roj thiab daim tawv nqaij nws tus kheej hauv ib qho xwm txheej.

Anionic surfactants muaj keeb kwm ntev tu. Lub xab npum tsis zoo rau lwm yam xab npum. Sodium lauryl sulfate yog cov khoom siv uas nquag siv tshuaj ntxuav hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, nws tuaj yeem ua kom tawv nqaij ua tiav kev ua kom huv. Amphoteric surfactants, imidazoline, cocamidopropyl betaine thiab amino acids yog txhua yam ua kom huv si me me thiab ua rau lub cev tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau kev npaj cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag, tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab tshuaj zawv plaub hau.

5) Cov nyhuv mos thiab antistatic

Cationic surfactants yog lub tshuab cua txias tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv plaub hau kom txias xws li lub tshuab cua txias thiab ua kom txias. Lawv muaj lub ntsej muag zoo thiab antistatic muaj peev xwm thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov plaub hau ua kom lub ntsej muag txias. Qhov feem ntau sivntawv cim surfactants yog monoalkyl thiab dialkyl quaternary ammonium ntsev, namely C16-18 monoalkyl ammonium ntsev, ob npaug C16-18 alkyl quaternary ammonium ntsev thiab alkylbenzyl ntsev cov ntsev ammoniumCov. Asymmetric siab,octyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium ntsev thiab 3-cetyl methyl ammonium ntsev, cov ntsev ntsev ntawm ammonium no muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib txuas qhuav, ntub sib xyaw thiab ntes cov plaub hau. Tsis ntev los no, qhov muag pom tseeb tshaj plaws yog qhov quaternary ammonium ntsev muab tau los ntawm lanolin fatty acid. Nws yog qhov ua rau tsis zoo dua thiab muaj dej khaws cia thiab ntub cov yam ntxwv ntawm lanolin thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawmntawv cim surfactants, uas tuaj yeem muab cov plaub hau noo noo thiab tshwj xeeb kov xws li muag muag.

6) Kev ntub dej thiab nkag mus

Raws li tshuaj pleev ib ce, lawv yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muaj cov txiaj ntsig kev zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj tseem xis thiab muag muag thaum siv. Cov no tuaj yeem tsis sib luag los ntawm cov nyhuv ntub ntawm surfactants. Hauv qhov no, biosurfactants tau tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg. Raws li lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ntsha hauv hlwb, phospholipids ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xovtooj ntawm metabolism thiab cell membrane permeation txoj cai, thiab muaj kev ya raws zoo thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg cov tawv nqaij. Sophorolipid biosurfactants muaj qhov sib txawv rau cov tawv nqaij, uas tuaj yeem ua kom tawv nqaij mos thiab noo noo. Siv biochemical synthesis thiab lwm txoj hauv kev los npaj cov khoom sib xyaw biochemical uas muaj zog thiab vitamin derivatives, enzyme npaj, kev loj hlob ntawm tes (EGF, DFGF), collagen, elastin, ceramide thiab hyaluronic acid, thiab lwm yam. Ua kom nkag mus rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, koom nrog cov roj metabolism hauv cov tawv nqaij thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, hloov cov qauv ntawm cov tawv nqaij tawv nqaij, thiab lwm yam, kom thiaj li ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm anti-wrinkle, los tiv thaiv kev laus thiab tawv nqaij.